It.can be used for "my pal', though the usage that irks me more is one that implies a subservient relationship. There is a certain type of businessperson who will refer to his assistant as " my girl", which is an awful tell.
I've never heard 1) (possibly because, in the UK, I've only been north of Birmingham twice). How is it used? "You've got while midnight to pay the ransom, otherwise the hostage dies"?
German uses the same word for "(at the latest) by" as for "until". So I've seen a sign in English in a German hotel, "Rooms must be vacated until 11 a.m.". I'm surprised they don't find it confusing themselves.
Listening to the Stone Roses' Mersey Paradise this morning, there's a line which goes:
I'd push her under while she drowns
On the assumption Ian Brown has murderous intentions towards this unfortunate woman, "while" must be used to mean "until" here or his murderous intentions have been scuppered.
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